Preppers are skilled at using a wide variety of techniques and tools to purify water. In this guide, we’ll explore various water purification methods, including boiling, chemical treatment, and the use of solar for distilling water. You’ll also get a feel for which method is best for which situation.
As part of your emergency preparedness plan, understand that having access to clean drinking water will likely be impacted by your circumstances and make it very challenging. Because of this, it’s important to have a working knowledge of exactly how do preppers purify water.
We’ll also discuss filtering water, purifying it, and using a clean container to store it. Let’s dive in and learn how to make sure you can find access to safe and drinkable water in any situation.
Explanation of why water purification is important
Water purification might be the most important step in maintaining your health in an SHTF situation. The presence of impurities such as bacteria, viruses, and chemicals in water can cause various water-borne diseases, which can be bad for your health.
Drinking clean water is essential for maintaining proper health, and therefore, water purification is important to ensure that the water is free from contaminants.
In addition to providing safe drinking water, water purification is also needed to provide a good source of potable water for other tasks such as cleaning dishes, doing laundry, and personal hygiene.
Common contaminants found in water
Water can contain a range of contaminants, some of which can have serious health implications…
These contaminants may include bacteria, viruses, E. Coli, Giardia, Crytosporidium, and noroviruses. These sorts of contaminants are known to cause severe gastrointestinal illness in children. Bacteria and viruses can cause illnesses such as diarrhea, typhoid fever, and cholera.
Chemical contaminants are known to include pesticides, heavy metals, nitrates, nitrites, and other harmful substances. Chemicals are known to cause a wide variety of respiratory, and circulatory disorders as well as skin problems and developmental issues. Pesticides and heavy metals can have long-term health effects such as cancer, nervous system damage, and developmental problems in children.
Identifying and removing these contaminants through proper water purification processes is crucial to ensure safe drinking water for you and your family.
Boiling Water
Boiling water is one of the oldest and most reliable methods for water purification. The process involves heating water to its boiling point, which kills or removes many of the harmful contaminants found in water.
This method is effective against various pathogens, like bacteria, viruses, and parasites. It’s a simple, low-cost, and easily accessible method that can be used anywhere, even in remote areas.
One concern with boiling water as a stand-alone technique is that it may not be good enough to remove all contaminants, especially chemicals, heavy metals, and minerals. When this is a concern, additional methods such as filtration or chemical treatment may be necessary.
How boiling water can effectively kill harmful microorganisms
I was stationed on submarines and we use seawater heat exchangers to cool the steam that powers the electrical turbines. We had to be very careful not to let the outlet seawater temperature get above 140 degrees Fahrenheit or else the water would kill off the sea life and block the heat exchanges.
Boiling is one of the simplest and most effective survival water purification techniques. By heating water to high temperatures, harmful microorganisms and bacteria, including Giardia and Cryptosporidium, can be killed. This is because most microorganisms can’t survive at high temperatures.
Boiling water also helps to remove impurities and contaminants like pesticides and heavy metals, which can pose a significant health risk if consumed.
It’s important to note that boiling water for at least one minute is required to kill most types of harmful bacteria, but the exact time may vary depending on altitude and water clarity.
Best practices for boiling water
While we know that boiling water is one of the most effective ways to purify water from harmful microorganisms, it’s important to follow best practices to ensure the water is safe to drink.
First, make sure you bring the water to a rolling boil for at least one minute to kill most microorganisms. If you’re above 6500 feet of altitude, you’ll need to boil the water for 3 minutes.
Second, use a covered container to avoid contamination after boiling.
Last, let the water cool down before storing or drinking it. Unfortunately, boiling water doesn’t remove other contaminants like chemicals or heavy metals. Therefore, it’s very important to test water sources for potential contaminants and take appropriate measures to purify them.
Using a heat source to boil water
Using a heat source to boil water is one of the easiest and most effective ways to kill bacteria.
To begin, use a clean pot, and make sure to leave enough room for expansion as the water boils. Next, place the pot on a heat source, such as a stove or campfire, and heat the water until it comes to a rolling boil. Allow the water to boil for at least one minute, or longer at higher elevations, to make sure that harmful microorganisms are killed.
Use a heat source that is appropriate for the container you are using and keep an eye on the container to prevent it from boiling over.
Chemical Treatment
Chemical treatment is a common method among preppers to purify water…
Chemicals like chlorine, iodine, and potassium permanganate are used to kill harmful microorganisms. This treatment method is effective and widely used, but it’s important to use the correct amount of chemicals to avoid adverse effects.
In the following sections, we’ll discuss how chemical treatment works and the best practices for using chemicals to purify water.
Chemical pollutants that can contaminate water
Chemical pollutants are a serious threat to water quality and human health. Pesticides, industrial chemicals, and pharmaceuticals are some common examples of chemicals that can contaminate water sources.
In normal times, these pollutants can enter waterways through various pathways, such as agricultural runoff, industrial discharge, and improper disposal of household chemicals. In during an SHTF situation, they can enter similarly through runoff or discharge, or they could be intentionally injected.
Once in the water, they can have harmful effects on fish and can also pose a risk to human health if consumed. Chemical treatment methods can effectively remove many of these pollutants from water, but it’s important to first identify the specific contaminants present and choose the appropriate treatment method.
Discussion of water purification tablets
Water purification tablets are a convenient and effective method to treat questionable water. The tablets are designed to disinfect and remove harmful pathogens, bacteria, and viruses that may be present in the water.
They work by releasing chemicals such as chlorine, iodine, or chlorine dioxide into the water, which helps kill harmful microorganisms. However, its essential to read the instructions carefully before using the tablets as they may have different instructions and reaction times.
Water purification tablets are an excellent option for backpackers, hikers, and emergency situations when boiling water isn’t possible or practical. They’re lightweight, easy to carry, and can provide safe drinking water quickly and efficiently.
Use of iodine tablets
Iodine tablets are a popular choice for water purification, especially for backpackers and campers. They like them because they’re lightweight, easy to use, and budget-friendly.
When added to water, iodine tablets release free iodine, which kills bacteria, viruses, and protozoan cysts. However, there are some concerns about the iodine taste and color of iodine-treated water, and iodine is not effective against some types of parasites.
It’s also important to note that people with thyroid problems or pregnant women should consult a doctor before using iodine tablets. To use iodine tablets, follow the instructions carefully, as the effectiveness of the tablets depends on the concentration and contact time with the water.
How to use purification tablets effectively
Water purification tablets are easy to carry and an efficient way of purifying water. You’ll want to follow the manufacturer’s instructions on the use and dosage of the tablets for effective results.
Generally, the tablet is added to the water and allowed to dissolve for a certain period, ranging from 15 minutes to 4 hours, depending on the tablet’s type and the water’s quality. The dissolved tablet will kill harmful microorganisms in the water, making it safe to drink. It’s recommended to use two tablets per liter of water when the water is extremely dirty or contaminated. We suggest having a liter water bottle for this process to make it easy to get the dosage right.
Probably the hardest part about this process is the wait time. You’ll need to plan ahead and exercise patience when you’re using this method to disinfect water.
Water Filtration
Water filtration is one of the main processes for removing impurities and contaminants from water. Different types of water filters are available in the market. Common examples include activated carbon filters, ceramic filters, and reverse osmosis filters.
These filters are designed to remove suspended particles, large floating particles, chemicals, bacteria, and viruses from water. Some filters even remove heavy metals and microplastics. Be aware that not all filters are equally effective in removing all types of contaminants.
Additionally, filters do become clogged or worn over time, reducing their effectiveness. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for filter replacement and maintenance to be sure that your water remains safe and clean.
Overview of water filtration process
Water filtration is a process that removes contaminants by passing water through the filter which is typically made of a porous material, like sand or charcoal. Different types of filters, like activated carbon and reverse osmosis, remove various pollutants, including bacteria, viruses, chemicals, and sediment.
Purifying water with a filter typically involves multiple stages, with each step targeting specific contaminants. Factors like flow rate, filter size, and filter maintenance can affect the effectiveness of the filtration process.
Types of water filters, including ceramic and pump action filters
Water filtration is an essential process to remove impurities from water, and there are various types of water filters available in the market. Two popular types are ceramic filters and pump action filters.
Ceramic filters use tiny pores to remove contaminants, and they can effectively eliminate bacteria and protozoa. Pump action filters use a hand-operated pump to force water through a specialized filter that captures impurities.
Both filters are portable, easy to use, and provide clean drinking water for outdoor enthusiasts and travelers. It is important to choose the right filter for the specific water source and to follow manufacturer instructions for proper maintenance and replacement of the filter element.
Use of personal emergency water filters
A personal water filter can be a lifesaver during SHTF situations. Personal portable filters are popular because they’re lightweight and easy to use, making them ideal for camping, hiking, and other outdoor activities.
For emergency water purification, personal water filters can remove harmful contaminants from natural water sources, like rivers, lakes, and streams, and make the water safe to drink.
Various types of personal water filters are available, including straw-style filters and pump-action filters. These filters work by removing bacteria, parasites, and other harmful particles from the water, ensuring that the filtered water is clean and safe to drink.
Solar Water Disinfection
Solar Water Disinfection (SODIS) is a method of water treatment that uses the sun’s ultraviolet rays to kill harmful microorganisms.
It involves filling clear plastic bottles with water and leaving them in the sun for several hours, allowing the UV radiation to inactivate any pathogens present. The method is low-cost, easy to use, and can be particularly useful in emergency situations or areas without access to other forms of water treatment.
While SODIS is effective at reducing the risk of waterborne illness, it does not remove chemical contaminants or sediment, making it important to consider other treatment options if these are concerns.
Explanation of solar distillation process
Solar distillation is a simple process that can provide clean drinking water in areas where other methods are not available. The process involves using the sun’s energy to evaporate water from a contaminated source, such as a river or lake, and then condensing the water vapor to create pure, drinkable water.
A solar still typically consists of a clear plastic sheet or glass pane placed over a hole in the ground or a container filled with contaminated water. As the sun heats the water, it evaporates and rises to the plastic or glass cover, where it condenses and drips into a collection container.
Although the process is slow and can only produce small amounts of water, it is an effective method of water purification in emergency situations or in areas with limited access to other purification methods.
How to use a solar distiller to purify water
Using a solar distiller to purify water is a simple and effective way to make potable water in areas without access to clean water sources.
To use a solar distiller, fill the container with water and place it in a sunny location. The sun’s heat causes the water to evaporate, and the resulting steam is then collected on the glass or plastic surface. As the steam cools, it condenses back into water droplets, which are then collected in a separate container. The distilled water is now safe for consumption, as the distillation process removes impurities and contaminants.
Solar distillation can be used on any water source, including seawater and contaminated water sources. In fact, this process is very similar to how military naval ships replenish their water supply, except they use a different heat source to make the unpurified water evaporate.
Finding Clean Water Sources
Finding clean water sources is crucial in emergency situations or when traveling in areas where access to safe drinking water is limited.
Ideally, you’ll look for flowing water sources like rivers and streams, which are less likely to be contaminated than stagnant water. You can also harvest rainwater with a tarp or other waterproof material.
Regardless of which source you find, it’s wise to consider using one of the methods we’ve discussed for water purification like boiling, filtration, or a solar distiller to make the water drinkable. Take the necessary precautions to avoid waterborne illnesses. It’ll be worth the effort.
Identifying fresh, uncontaminated water sources
Identifying fresh, uncontaminated water sources is crucial for survival. Look for clear, flowing water instead of standing water or stagnant sources.
Water from lakes or ponds can be treated through filtration or boiling but should be avoided if possible because they tend to accumulate chemical contamination. Streams and rivers are typically better sources of fresh water. Stay away from cloudy water or dirty water if at all possible. Look for sources upstream of any human or animal activity, because sources near animals or humans can be contaminated with bacteria and other harmful pathogens.
If possible, use a water test kit to determine if the water is safe to drink. Remember to always prioritize safety and caution when collecting and treating water in a survival situation.
Best practices for collecting and storing water
When you’re collecting water from a natural source, use clean containers and avoid contact with contaminated surfaces. Choose a water container made of a safe material like glass or food-grade plastic, and sanitize it before use.
Always collect water upstream from any possible contamination sources and avoid stagnant water. Store water in a cool, dark place away from direct sunlight and chemicals. Stored water also needs to be rotated regularly to keep bacteria or algae from growing. Label containers with the date you collected it and only use water that has been stored no longer than six months.
When to use each method to purify water
Filtering water is a method that can be used whether you’re bugging in or bugging out. If you need a filter that allows you to be on the move you can consider a Sawyer water filter which is great for bacteria and microplastics. If you are able to more stationary you can consider something like a Burkey water filtration system.
Iodine tablets are a good option if you’re down to a backpack situation and on the move. If you need to resort to the SODIS method while you’re on the move that’s possible if you have a clear plastic bottle that you know to be clean. Keep in mind that this method will require you to be stationary for about 4 hours.
Solar distillation really works best if you’re either stationary or have space for the equipment in a bugout vehicle. You’ll need time for the sun to do its job. Solar water disinfection and distillation methods are effective in removing bacteria, viruses, and other harmful substances.
Boiling works well whether you’re stationary or on the move. Boiling water is the simplest method, requiring only a fire and a pot. In a moving situation, it is moderately faster than some methods but if you don’t have a heat source like a rocket stove you risk making your location known.
Whenever possible, try to use both heat and filtration together. It cannot be emphasized enough how important clean water is in a survival situation.
The importance of clean water in survival situations
In a survival situation, having access to clean water is paramount for avoiding dehydration and preventing illness. Without clean water, dehydration and waterborne illnesses can quickly set in, putting your life at risk.
You should get familiar with how to make water drinkable and have a plan for being able to use several of these methods.
Prioritize finding and purifying water to ensure it’s safe to drink. You’ll need clean water for hygiene and sanitation purposes to prevent the spread of disease. You should know how much potable water each of these ways to purify water can generate and how long each takes.